Galaxy Research said in a post on X that more than 1,778 BTC has been stolen through a Coldcard hardware wallet vulnerability, a figure it valued at about $112 million. The firm added that the final loss total is still expected to increase.
According to Galaxy Research, attackers had been systematically reconstructing mnemonic phrases generated by Coldcard and transferring on-chain funds since at least the early hours of July 30. The firm said it has confirmed and tracked three main waves of attacks, along with more than 30 smaller attack traces. Among them, trace E was described as the largest in scale and the most complex in execution.
Using direct reports from more than 190 victims, Galaxy Research said it also identified at least 33 additional attacker traces. It said it could not yet determine whether those traces were linked to the same attacker, but it had confirmed that multiple attackers were present in the broader threat environment.
As of now, Galaxy Research said it has not confirmed any new attack activity after Aug. 6. The firm said that may be because vulnerable users have already moved their funds, or because most of the exposed funds have already been drained. It still advised users with single-signature Coldcard wallets to move funds to fresh addresses as soon as possible.
Of the stolen funds, 1,531 BTC remains parked at addresses controlled by the attackers and has not moved, while about 246 BTC has already been transferred. Galaxy Research said 65% of that moved amount flowed into CoinJoin transactions, while 35% continued moving on-chain through carefully constructed peel chains and other methods. Only a very small portion could be partially traced to deposits at exchanges or cross-chain bridges.
Galaxy Research said it has shared a list of attacker addresses with crypto exchanges, compliance investigation firms and law enforcement agencies, with the aim of freezing those addresses if they reach centralized platforms. The firm added that it will continue taking reports from victims and providing tracing assistance.


