Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said advances in AI-driven mathematical research could materially weaken the real-world security of lattice-based cryptographic systems such as ML-DSA and fully homomorphic encryption, or FHE, within the next two years. He also said the same trend could bring forward the timeline for risks to ECDSA, making it vulnerable earlier than previously expected.
Buterin wrote that AI may compress decades of mathematical progress into a much shorter period, estimating that two years of AI-assisted work could amount to roughly 50 years of traditional research. In response to that possibility, he said Ethereum’s Lean roadmap has gradually shifted over the past year toward pure hash-based signature schemes in order to reduce reliance on lattice cryptography.
On user security, Buterin said funds should preferably be kept in addresses that have never initiated a transaction, when practical. At the same time, he cautioned against moving assets in a hurry, saying the transfer process itself carries a risk of loss. He also recommended that multisig wallets use off-chain signature confirmation where possible so signature data is not publicly exposed.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin warned that AI-driven advances in mathematics could significantly weaken the practical security of lattice-based cryptographic systems such as ML-DSA and fully homomorphic encryption, or FHE, within the next two years. He said the same shift could also put ECDSA at risk of being broken earlier than previously expected.
Buterin wrote that AI may deliver the equivalent of 50 years of mathematical research progress in just two years.
Ethereum’s Lean roadmap has been moving toward hash-based signatures
He said Ethereum’s Lean roadmap has gradually shifted over the past year toward pure hash-based signature schemes to reduce dependence on lattice cryptography.
Security advice centers on inactive addresses and off-chain confirmation
For asset protection, Buterin said users should, when convenient, prioritize storing funds in addresses that have never initiated a transaction. He did not recommend that users rush to move assets immediately, noting that the act of transferring funds also carries a risk of loss.
He also said multisig wallets should use off-chain signature confirmation where possible to avoid publicly exposing signature information.
The item was cited by Wu Blockchain.
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