ARK Invest and Glassnode's new report, “The Decentralization Spectrum,” compares Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana on auditability, security, governance, and ownership across six quantifiable dimensions. Security findings show Bitcoin and Ethereum each need only three entities to reach a critical control threshold, while Solana needs 19. Bitcoin miners can shed 1% of their positions in about 30 seconds; an equivalent Ethereum stake could take weeks to exit under stress. Geographically, Bitcoin has the most evenly distributed nodes, with 63% running over Tor. Ethereum relies heavily on cloud services, with AWS hosting around 20% of nodes. Solana runs nearly all infrastructure in data centers by design. In the six-dimension scoring, Bitcoin leads in auditability, ownership distribution, and geographic resilience, Ethereum ranks in the middle, and Solana trades decentralization for performance and coordination speed. The report offers a structured look at how the three networks balance decentralization with operational efficiency.
ARK Invest and Glassnode have published a new report called “The Decentralization Spectrum,” comparing Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana across four design features — auditability, security, governance, and ownership — using six quantifiable dimensions.
Security Thresholds
The report finds that Bitcoin and Ethereum each need only three entities to reach a key control threshold. Solana, by contrast, requires 19. Bitcoin miners can exit 1% of their position in about 30 seconds, while an equivalent Ethereum stake could take weeks to unwind under stress.
Geographic Distribution
Bitcoin shows the most even node distribution, with 63% of nodes running over Tor. Ethereum leans on cloud providers, with AWS hosting roughly 20% of its nodes. Solana, by design, runs nearly all of its infrastructure in data centers.
Scoring
Across six metrics, Bitcoin scores highest on auditability, ownership distribution, and geographic resilience. Ethereum sits in the middle. Solana trades decentralization for performance and coordination speed.
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