GSR says low-float, high-FDV token listings have repeatedly led to weak post-launch returns
GSR analyzed more than 2,300 token listings across major exchanges since 2013 and found a consistent pattern: the lower the initial circulating supply and the higher the fully diluted valuation, the worse the token’s subsequent performance tended to be. The report says median initial circulation fell sharply from 38% in 2017 to about 13% in 2020, recovering only partially in later years. It also found a strong link between listing valuation and float. Tokens listed below a $10 million FDV had a median initial circulation of 97%, while those above $1 billion had a median of 13%. Performance data in the study was similarly weak. On a median basis, tokens fell below their listing price within three days and were down 50% within 90 days. Among tokens listed above a $1 billion FDV, $1 invested was worth just $0.19 after 360 days, equal to a median one-year return of -81%. Tokens with less than 20% initial circulation retained only about $0.23 to $0.26 per $1 after a year, while those with 30% to 50% initial circulation held about $0.55. GSR argues this is not only a crypto issue and points to similar dynamics in the IPO market. The firm also outlines three areas for improvement: pricing public buyers in a way that leaves upside, releasing enough supply for real price discovery, and widening access so more participants can enter earlier.








