A deep dive into TPS, finality, and scalability trade-offs among Ethereum, Solana, Cardano, Avalanche, Algorand, and Internet Computer, offering data-driven insights for investors and developers.

A deep dive comparing Ethereum, Cardano, Solana, Avalanche, Algorand, and Internet Computer on TPS, finality, and scalability—highlighting how design trade-offs shape each network's performance and market implications.

Based on CryptoComLearn's latest report, we compare six major L1 blockchains on TPS, finality, and fees, and analyze their market impact.

This article compares six major Layer 1 blockchains—Ethereum, Cardano, Solana, Avalanche, Algorand, and Internet Computer—on theoretical TPS, actual TPS, transaction finality, and upgrade paths, highlighting design trade-offs and future potential.

Ripple 于 6 月 23 日获得卢森堡 CSSF 颁发的 MiCA 框架 CASP 许可证初步批准，覆盖欧洲经济区 30 国。结合现有 EMI 牌照，该公司将实现全面 MiCA 合规。目前全球持有超 75 个监管牌照，支付业务处理量超 1000 亿美元。据 ESMA 数据，截至 2026 年中，仅 17% 的欧洲加密企业获得 MiCA 许可。

On June 23, 2026, Ripple received preliminary approval for a MiCA CASP license from Luxembourg's CSSF, covering all 30 EEA countries. Combined with its existing EMI license, the company is set to achieve full MiCA compliance. The approval is preliminary and subject to final conditions. Ripple holds over 75 regulatory licenses globally and has processed over $100 billion in payment volume. According to ESMA data, only about 17% of crypto firms in Europe have obtained MiCA licenses by mid-2026, highlighting Ripple's regulatory leadership.

bitFlyer Holdings announced that its Luxembourg subsidiary, bitFlyer Europe, has obtained a CASP license under the EU's MiCA framework, marking the first such license for a Japanese-origin crypto exchange. The license enables cross-border services across all 27 EU member states, completing bitFlyer's regulatory presence in Japan, the U.S., and Europe. With MiCA's full enforcement on July 1, Binance will exit Europe for failing to secure the license, while Coinbase and OKX are aggressively courting users. Only 244 crypto firms have obtained MiCA licenses so far, highlighting a high regulatory barrier that will reshape competition in the European market.

bitFlyer Holdings' Luxembourg subsidiary, bitFlyer Europe, has received a MiCA framework CASP license from Luxembourg's financial regulator CSSF, effective June 26, 2026. This marks the first time a Japanese crypto exchange has obtained a MiCA license, allowing bitFlyer to offer cross-border crypto services across all 27 EU member states. The milestone underscores a significant step in Japanese exchanges' EU compliance efforts and highlights Luxembourg's role as a crypto regulatory hub.